Introduction of Physics

What is Physics?

Physics is often described as the study of matter and energy. It is concerned with how matter and energy relate to each other, and how they affect each other over time and through space. Physicists ask the fundamental questions how did the universe begin? how and of what is it made? how does it change? what rules govern its behavior?
Physicists may be roughly divided into two camps: experimental physicists and theoretical physicists. Experimental physicists design and run careful investigations on a broad range of Experiment and theory therefore have a broad overlap. Accordingly, an experimental physicist remains keenly aware of the current theoretical work in his or her field, while the theoretical physicist must know the experimenter's results and the context in which the results need be interpreted.

phenomena in nature, often under conditions which are atypical of our everyday lives. They may, for example, investigate what happens to the electrical properties of materials at temperatures very near absolute zero (­460 degrees Fahrenheit) or measure the characteristics of energy emitted by very hot gases. Theoretical physicists propose and develop models and theories to explain mathematically the results of experimental observations.
It is also useful to distinguish classical physics and modern physics. Classical physics has its origins approximately four hundred years ago in the studies ofGalileo and Newton on mechanics, and similarly, in the work of Ampere, Faraday, Maxwell and Oersted one hundred fifty years ago in the fields of electricity and magnetism. This physics handles objects which are neither too large nor too small, which move at relatively slow speeds (at least compared to the speed of light: 186,000 miles per second!).

The emergence of modern physics at the beginning of the twentieth century was marked by three achievements. The first, in 1905, wasEinstein's brilliant model of light as a stream of particles (photons). The second, which followed a few months later, was his revolutionary theory of relativity which described objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light. The third breakthrough came in 1910 with Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus of the atom.Rutherford's work was followed by Bohr's model of the atom, which in turn stimulated the work of de Broglie, Heisenberg, Schroedinger, Born,Pauli, Dirac and others on the quantum theory. The avalanche of exciting discoveries in modern physics continues today.
Given these distinctions within the field of physics experimental and theoretical, classical and modern it is useful to further subdivide physics into various disciplines, including astrophysics, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, solid state physics, optical and laser physics, fluid and plasma physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics.

Below you can find references to recent representative articles from Scientific American on major branches of physics. These articles detail specific examples of current research in each particular field. Besides Scientific American, other sources for general articles on current research in physics include Discovermagazine and the Science Times section of each Tuesday's New York Times.

Branches Of Physics: 

Here First we discussed the Main 4 Topics of Physics.     

                   

                            1- Mechanics

                                           |
                      -------------------------------------------
                     |                             |                           |
          Vector&Equilibrium       Vector&Force       Light    

            2- Elecricity&Magnetism

                                        |
    ------------------------------------------------------------
   |                        |                           |                        |
Electrostatics  Electromagnatism  Electronics          |

                                                     Electromagnetic Indution

         3- Modren Physics

                                           |
          --------------------------------------------------
          |                             |                                      |
 Theory of Einstein  Dawn of Modren Phy.   Nuclear Physics

         4- Heat

                                           |
                      -------------------------------------------
                     |                             |                           |
          Thermodynamics         Waves            Oscillation  

Other type:

Uses Of Physics:

1) 

When we walk or run, our motion is part of laws of mechanics and thrmodynamics. 

2) 

We eat food which undergoes chemical reactions producing heat energy which is converted into mechanical energy 

3)

 Use of refrigerator, pressure cookers, washing machines, television, music system, computers, etc. are all designed on the principles of physics. 

4) 

When we speak, we produce sound properties of which like pitch and intensity are studied in physics 

5)

 Electricity that we use in household is a gift of physics 

6) 

Automobiles design is based on physics